Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers exposure and sputum and blood biomarkers of early effect among U.S. workers

May 30, 2018
Cytokines and Chemokines, Inflammation

Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are used in many fields, such as in manufacturing and information technology. Both of these carbon particles are physically similar to asbestos, and one type of carbon nanotube (MWCNT-7) have recently been found to be carcinogenic. Due to the variety of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, accessing their potential toxicity to workers remains difficult. Animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to nanotubes and nanofibers can lead to oxidative stress and cardiovascular effects locally and systemically. This is the first industrywide cross-sectional study across 12 different sites in the United States. Of the 144 workers identified, 108 workers from 12 different companies provided blood and/or sputum samples. Using a custom biomarker panel, Myriad RBM analyzed collected sputum and blood samples for 30 and 31 biomarkers respectively. Primary pattern identification used exploratory factor analyses with varimax rotation.

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S100A12 and S100A8/9 Proteins are Biomarkers of Articular Disease Activity in Blau Syndrome

April 23, 2018
Autoimmune and Arthritis, Cytokines and Chemokines, Inflammation
Lin Wang, Carlos D. Rosé, Kevin P. Foley, Jordi Anton, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Philippe Brissaud, Gaelle Chédeville, Rolando Cimaz, Jorge Fernández-Martin, Catherin Guly, Eric Hachulla, Miroslav Harjacek, Friederike Mackensen, Rosa Merino, Consuelo Modesto, Antonio Naranjo Hernández, Christine Pajot, Athimalaipet V. Ramanan, Akaluck Thatayatikom, Caroline Thomée, Sebastiaan Vastert, Bart J. Votta, John Bertin, and Carin H. Wouters.

Rheumatology 2018
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Blau syndrome is an inherited auto-inflammatory disease that is characterized by arthritis, dermatitis, and uveitis. Patients also experience the presence of non-caseating granulomas, suggesting that the disease pathogenesis involves activated macrophages. The current management of Blau disease, using familiar drug classes such as corticosteroids, DMARDS and biologics, is not adequate. In order to assist in future drug development studies, biomarkers for Blau disease activity will be extremely useful. Phagocyte specific S100 proteins, such as S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9, have been proposed as biomarkers for Blau syndrome. These proteins are secreted by neutrophils and macrophages upon activation. This prospective cohort study will aim to correlate disease activity with inflammatory and S100 proteins.

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Effects of Canagliflozin Versus Glimepiride on Adipokines and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes

March 21, 2018
Cytokines and Chemokines, Diabetes, Inflammation
Timothy Garvey, Luc Van Gaal, Lawrence A. Leiter, Ujjwala Vijapurkar, James List, Robert Cuddihy, Jimmy Ren, Michael J. Davies

Metabolism. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.002

Type 2 diabetic patients with increased visceral fat mass and insulin resistance are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and premature death. The increased visceral fat impairs adipose tissue function and is the result of combinatorial processes, including increased macrophage recruitment (MCP-1 production), increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a secretion), and reduced anti-inflammatory factors (adipokine and adiponectin).

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TruCulture System Proves Superior Reproducibility Over PBMCs

November 17, 2017
Blog, Cytokines and Chemokines, Inflammation, Press, Utilized Myriad RBM's Services

Standardized whole blood stimulation system proves superior reproducibility over PBMCs

A new paper on improved methods for monitoring differential immune response activation was published in Volume 183 of the journal Clinical Immunology. Researchers report on a multi-center study in seven FOCIS Centers of Excellence to directly compare whole blood syringe-based system, TruCulture, to the current method of isolation of PBMCs for immunomonitoring.

To compare intra and inter-center variability between PBMC and TruCulture stimulation, the blood of 152 healthy donors was both stimulated in whole blood assay and after isolation of PBMC, across multiple centers. Following exposure to LPS, anti-CD3/anti-CD28, or media alone, samples were analyzed using multi-analyte profiling (MAP) for 55 proteins at Myriad RBM’s CLIA-certified laboratory. Focusing on analytes that were induced in both TruCulture and PMBC stimulation, further analysis was based on the 35 commonly induced proteins.

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Inflammatory Cytokines as Potential Biomarker for Pain Intensity

April 11, 2017
Blog, Cytokines and Chemokines, Inflammation, Press, Utilized Myriad RBM's Services

Biomarkers for pain assessment are needed for more accurate pain therapy treatment in patients unable to reliably self-report their circumstances such as patients with dementia, intubated patients, and infants. The authors of a study recently published in Biomarkers in Medicine, Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a potential biomarker for pain intensity in chronic pain patients, hypothesized that pain intensity might be assessable using inflammatory molecules measurable in serum.

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Induced immune responses in monkeys alter with movement in social status

December 5, 2016
Blog, Inflammation

Social status can be used as predictor of life expectancy and overall health.  It is easy to conclude that this is a result of better diet, healthcare, and lack of external risk factors but, as a team of researchers reported in the November 25th issue of the journal Science, movement in social status in rhesus macaques influenced changes in immune system phenotypes.

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IL-10 (AM0010) phase I trial offers novel mechanism for immune-oncology drugs in solid tumors

September 21, 2016
Cancer, Cytokines and Chemokines, Inflammation, Utilized Myriad RBM's Services

More commonly known as an inhibitory cytokine, high doses of interleukin 10 (IL-10) have been shown to lead to the activation and survival of antigen stimulated CD8 T cells. According to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the investigators in this first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial of IL-10 (AM0010), demonstrate antitumor activity and therapy tolerability in a pretreated population.  The primary endpoint of the study was to establish safety, tolerability and the maximum tolerated dose.  This goal appears to have been met, with a low incidence of adverse events, most of which were temporary or reversible.  The dose-escalation study was followed by a renal cell cancer dose-expansion cohort.

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